Honeybee combs: how the circular cells transform into rounded hexagons

Honeybee combs: how the circular cells transform into rounded hexagons.

We report that the cells in a natural honeybee comb have a circular shape at 'birth' but quickly transform into the familiar rounded hexagonal shape, while the comb is being built. The mechanism for this transformation is the flow of molten visco-elastic wax near the triple junction between the neighbouring circular cells. The flow may be unconstrained or constrained by the unmolten wax away fr...

Scaling combs into the XUV

■ ■ What are the motivations for working on extreme-ultraviolet technology today? The extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) spectral range is a largely unexplored frontier for high-resolution laser spectroscopy. Until very recently, no one thought it possible to have access to continuous-wave-like radiation in this spectral region. Now, with the convergence of ultrafast laser science, strongfield physics a...

How to Transform an Analyzer into a

Meshing of Hexagons into Convex Quadrilaterals

Efficient electromagnetic analysis of the composite metallic and dielectric structures in the frequency domain based on the Method of Moments applied to the Surface Integral Equations is provided, if building blocks have the form of bilinear surfaces (in particular, flat quads), and if analysis is supported by the higher order basis functions. Heterogenous surfaces of many 3D structures can be ...

Inversion of the circular averages transform using the Funk transform

The integral of a function defined on the half-plane along the semi-circles centered on the boundary of the half-plane is known as the circular averages transform. Circular averages transform arises in many tomographic image reconstruction problems. In particular, in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) when the transmitting and receiving antennas are colocated, the received signal is modeled as the ...